Switching degenerate diffusion PDE filter based on impulselike probability for universal impulse noise removal

In this paper, a switching degenerate diffusion partial differential equation filter (SDDPDE) is developed by introducing the switching operators for reducing all kinds of impulse noise, and especially for images having a mixture of salt-and-pepper impulse noise and random-valued impulse noise which is a shortage for most of the existing filtering models. Our SDDPDE consists of the coarse and fine filtering stages. In the coarse filtering stages, the switching operator depends on a simple noise detector. In the fine filtering stages, we introduce the notion of impulselike probability, and the switching operator depends on both a simple noise detector and impulselike probability. Our SDDPDE will denoise noise pixels detected by the coarse detector while further modify the so-called noise-free pixels according to impulselike probability. The main advantages of our SDDPDE over published approaches are its simplicity and universality. In addition, we demonstrate the performance of our SDDPDE via application to three standard test images, corrupted by salt-and-pepper impulse noise, random-valued impulse noise and mixed impulse noise with high-noise levels, and the comparison with the other well-known filters. Experimental results show that our SDDPDE achieves high peak signal-to-noise ratio and better visual effect.     

Suppression of acyl migration in enzymatic production of structured lipids through temperature programming

Acyl migration in the glycerol backbone often leads to the increase of by-products in the enzymatic production of specific structured lipids. Acyl migration is a thermodynamic process and is very difficult to stop fully in actual reactions. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of suppressing acyl migration by a programmed change of reaction temperature without loss of reaction yield. The model reactions were the acidolysis of tripalmitin with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or with caprylic acid (CA) targeted for human milk fat substitutes. Acyl migration was considerably inhibited in the temperature-programmed acidolysis of PPP with CLA or CA, with only slight reduction of acyl incorporation, the reaction leading to the required products. Acyl migration was reduced by 29% (35 h) and 45% (48 h), respectively, in the acidolysis of PPP with CLA under solvent and solvent-free systems, in comparison with 37% (35 h) and 61% (48 h), respectively, for the acidolysis of PPP and CA. Acyl migration in the acidolysis of PPP with CA was, in general, lower than the acidolysis of PPP with CLA in both systems. Temperature programming was more prominent in solvent-free systems for the reduction of acyl migration. Acyl incorporation was not significantly affected by temperature programming. The study suggests that it is feasible to reduce acyl migration by programmed change of acidolysis temperature without significant loss of reaction yield.     

高振实密度银粉的制备及后处理研究

采用液相还原法,以硝酸银为原料,抗坏血酸为还原剂,阿拉伯树胶为分散剂,运用Minitab软件中的山口实验设计和一般线性模型分析探究了反应温度、硝酸银溶液滴加时间和pH三因素对银粉振实密度的影响;并对最佳参数组合所得的样品进行气流粉碎处理,对比了气流粉碎前后银粉性质的变化。结果表明,三因子中,硝酸银滴加时间对银粉振实密度影响显著,其余两因子为非显著因子,最佳参数组合为反应温度35℃,滴加时间90 min,pH=1,最佳条件下制备的银粉振实密度为4.90 g/cm³。对该条件下的样品进行气流粉碎处理后测试分析,发现样品粒度分布减小,表面形貌比粉碎前光滑圆润,XRD半高宽变大,晶粒尺寸变小,振实密度增加到5.42 g/cm³,说明气流粉碎处理可改善银粉品质。     

Free-standing PV for commercial applications

RWE SCHOTT Solar have recently introduced the SunRoof◐ FS, a freestanding solar electric system for flat-roof commercial and public buildings. The new system allows users to maintain the integrity of their roofs by eliminating roof penetrations while providing an economical means of generating electricity. The system’s lightweight mounting structure (less than 4 lbs per square foot) is comprised of rugged materials and a stainless steel base that will withstand UV radiation and high temperatures as well as high winds or earthquakes. The SunRoof◐ FS system’s solar arrays are tilted to provide better power generation with maximum cooling and drainage. The open-air structure of the system allows for air circulation and cooling beneath the modules and easy access for inspection and roof maintenance. The SunRoof FS has a 5-degree tilt angle, even on flat rooftops, which improves system performance, generating up to 4% more energy than a flat array. It also has increased output due to cooler operating temperatures. The systems are available in standard 30, 45, and 100 kW sizes and can be customized to meet any energy requirements. RWE has secured a provisional patent for the SunRoof FS design, and has full patent applications for the FS design pending before US, European, and Japanese patent authorities.This is a short news story only. Visit www.re-focus.net for the latest renewable energy news.